双级时效对7050-T7451铝合金搅拌摩擦焊组织及应力腐蚀敏感性的影响

采用搅拌摩擦焊方法对3 mm厚7050-T7451铝合金进行焊接，为改善接头应力腐蚀敏感性，焊后进行121 ℃ × 5 h + 163 ℃ × 27 h双级时效处理. 通过对微观组织、显微硬度以及应力腐蚀敏感性的分析，研究双级时效对焊接接头性能的影响. 结果表明，双级时效后晶粒发生粗化，晶界内析出相和周边无沉淀析出带(PFZ)变宽，导致在热影响区和热力影响区出现大量不连续晶界；接头热影响区的显微硬度有所下降，但范围明显变窄，接头组织的均一性得到改善；时效处理后的接头在进行应力腐蚀试验 60天后仍未发生断裂，而未经时效处理的接头在1天内全部发生断裂，说明双级时效有效降低了焊接接头的应力腐蚀敏感性.     

海面油膜的偏振反射特性仿真实验

为了给海面溢油污染识别检测提供理论基础,根据菲涅尔反射公式的偏振反射系数,结合偏振双向反射率因子和粗糙海面的概率密度分布函数,建立了完善的pBRDF模型,仿真在不同太阳入射角度、不同探测器观测角度以及不同海面风速风向等条件下海水和油膜的偏振反射分布函数。结果表明:海水和油膜太阳天顶角为53°和56°时P偏振反射率分别为1.0×10^-5和2.5×10^-5,S偏振反射率随着太阳天顶角的增加而增加;海面风速越大偏振反射率峰值越小;海面风向只改变pBRDF的空间位置;海水和油膜线偏振度空间分布有明显差异。搭建实验平台相机以40°拍摄时,得出海水和油膜的线偏振度分别在0.2~0.4, 0.5~0.7之间,同时表明利用偏振探测获取目标场景的偏振度和偏振角图可提高图像质量。     

Comparative evaluation of the mesophilic and thermophilic biohydrogen production at optimized conditions using tequila vinasses as substrate

The objective of this work was to comparatively evaluate the production of biohydrogen (bio-H₂) from tequila vinasses at optimized mesophilic and thermophilic conditions and to elucidate the main metabolic routes involved. Optimal temperatures of 35 °C and 55 °C, and pH of 5.5 maximized the bio-H₂ production rates, 25.5 ± 0.01 NmL h⁻¹ and 169.9 ± 8.9 NmL h⁻¹ in the mesophilic and thermophilic regimens, respectively. During the operation of anaerobic sequencing batch reactors, the thermophilic process allowed a volumetric bio-H₂ production rate of 519 ± 13 NmL-H₂ L⁻¹ d⁻¹ equivalent to 750 ± 19 NmL-H₂ L_vinasse⁻¹, while the mesophilic one 448 ± 23 NmL-H₂ L⁻¹ d⁻¹ and 647 ± 33 NmL-H₂ L_vinasse⁻¹, respectively. Furthermore, the gas produced under thermophilic conditions showed high hydrogen content (86.5%). Finally, formate degradation and glucose fermentation to acetic and butyric acids were the main metabolic routes involved in bio-H₂ production under thermophilic conditions, while at mesophilic conditions, the lactate and formate degradation pathways governed.     

Effect of microbial hydrogen consumption on the hydrogen permeation behaviour of AISI 4135 steel under cathodic protection

The feasibility of microbial hydrogen consumption to mitigate the hydrogen embrittlement (HE) under different cathodic potentials was evaluated using the Devanathan-Stachurski electrochemical test and the hydrogen permeation efficiency η. The hydrogen permeation efficiency η in the presence of strain GA-1 was lower than that in sterile medium. The cathodic potential inhibited the adherence of strain GA-1 to AISI 4135 steel surface, thereby reducing the hydrogen consumption of strain GA-1. The adherent GA-1 cells were capable of consuming ‘cathodic hydrogen’ and reducing the proportions of absorbed hydrogen, indicating that it is theoretically possible to control HE by hydrogen-consuming microbes.     

基于分区减光的电弧增材制造熔敷道尺寸主被动联合视觉检测

设计了电弧增材制造熔敷道成形尺寸主被动联合视觉检测方法，以克服结构光主动视觉传感的滞后性与被动视觉传感的信息单一性. 为了实现极高亮度的熔池与极低亮度的结构光条纹在同一CCD靶面同时清晰成像，提出了分区减光策略，对熔池与结构光条纹进行差异化的减光，使二者光强在减光之后水平相当，进而清晰成像. 相机成像光路分析表明，需要将分区减光元件设置在镜头前方一倍焦距以外或镜头后方焦点与靶面之间. 该方法实现了单CCD在一幅图像中同时清晰拍摄熔池和结构光条纹. 开发了一套图像处理算法，实时提取出了熔敷道尺寸. 结果表明，熔敷道高度检测误差优于0.1 mm，宽度检测误差优于0.2 mm.     

Fatigue performance of Friction Stir Welded titanium structural joints

The Friction Stir Welding process for producing corner and T-joints out of 6 mm Ti–6Al–4V was developed in this effort using previous work on butt weld joints as a starting point. A limited number of corner joints were also subjected to a bending fatigue test to preliminarily assess the applicability of the process in producing fatigue critical structures. These results were also compared to predictions made by applying stress concentration factors to previously generated uniaxial butt joint test data. While additional testing is still required to obtain a higher degree of confidence in the conclusions of this study, it was found that the performance of these corner joints in fatigue could be compared to butt joint data when a geometrically based stress concentration factor is applied. Furthermore, these welded joints possessed equivalent fatigue performance relative to identical test specimens machined from wrought product forms, both bar and extrusion. Thus, from the perspective of fatigue design, this study has shown that Friction Stir Welding is able to produce structures with the same performance as currently made from wrought materials.     

Effects of welding parameters and welding sequence on residual stress and distortion in Al6061-T6 aluminum alloy for T-shaped welded joint

The distribution of temperature and then the distribution of residual stress and distortion in the stiffened aluminum alloy Al6061-T6 plates under the metal inert gas (MIG) welding process were investigated by three dimensional thermo-mechanical coupled finite element model using Ansys software. The properties of materials were considered temperature-dependent and the filler metal was added to the workpiece by the element birth and death technique. In three modes of current, two different speeds and two various sequences, the distribution of residual stress and distortion were calculated and analyzed. The results showed that increase in welding speed decreased the vertical deflection in the plate, transverse shrinkage and angular distortion of plate and the lateral deflection of stiffener, but increased the maximum longitudinal tensile stress in the plate and stiffener. Furthermore, increase in current increased the residual stress and deformation in the plate and stiffener, and the change in the welding sequence changed the distribution of the distortion in the plate and the stiffener without significant change in the distribution of the longitudinal residual stress.     

Relationship between poles and zeros of input–output and chain-scattering systems

A system is frequently represented by transfer functions in an input–output characterization. However, such a system (under mild assumptions) can also be represented by transfer functions in a port characterization, frequently referred to as a chain-scattering representation. Due to its cascade properties, the chain-scattering representation is used throughout many fields of engineering. This paper studies the relationship between poles and zeros of input–output and chain-scattering representations of the same system.     

基于自适应加权Fisherface算法的人脸识别

提出了一种改进的Fisherface算法。算法首先利用Karhunen-Loeve（K-L）变换降维，在降维的子空间内，根据样本与同类样本间的距离赋予该样本一权值，再用加权后的样本求取类均值，以新的类均值重建类内散布矩阵和类间散布矩阵，从而改进Fisher判别函数。在ORL和Yale人脸库上的实验结果表明，该算法优于传统的主成分分析（PCA）方法和Fisherface方法，并能有效解决小样本情况下训练样本类均值偏离类中心的问题。